Posts Tagged With: fiction

“Scary”—essential in stories, novels, even memoirs

I’m not talking Halloween here, though those stories are fun, too.

From sweet romance to death-defying thrillers, even in children’s books, making the reader “scared” in some fashion sells. But the reader won’t be scared if you haven’t made your protagonist scared.

All good novels and stories deal with something scary and often we know it on page ONE!

Being scared means our world has tilted in a dramatic way. The tilt may be the result of something accumulating over time, or happen suddenly.

We like to read about and learn from life’s scary lessons.

“Scary” means “alarmed” and “frightened.”

All novels present some form of alarm for characters. Something has to change. Change is scary.

Sounding the “alarm” is an excellent story starter. “Scary” hooks and pleases readers. Reading is safer than real life. Learning “how” a character deals with “scary” helps us in a safe way.

If a writer has not sold well or found an agent or publisher to suit them, sometimes it helps to take a step back and examine what could create something scarier in the novel or memoir entirely or its opening pages.

To get “scary” or scarier, raise the STAKES, even on page one.

Or create bigger SECRETS your characters don’t want to reveal BUT HINT AT THEM on your OPENING PAGE or by the end of page two. Saving secrets sometimes lessens storytelling power.

“Scary” challenges characters and readers to explore new LOGIC. New truths, new formulas, new territory. Character and reader feel tested—a good thing.

Scary stuff usually means FLAWS come to the forefront. Reveal an important flaw on page one. Flaws give us a hint at the jeopardy to come. We wonder if the protagonist can handle the challenges ahead. And thus you create a page-turner.

Plot “scary challenges” in the four-part story structure.

This works well as a retreat or critique-group exercise, too.

Act 1, character acknowledges what’s scary. Start page one with shock, surprise, and fear for your character and reader. Is it scary enough?

Act 2, character explores plausibility. They deny the fearful thing happened or can happen. They think “scary” will resolve itself OR they do several things to try to manage what scared them.

Act 3 (after Midpoint Crisis) has the character searching for a kernel of truth—facts, testimonials, proof, a friend’s help or interpretation—the “why” something happened and what to do about. Things get SCARIER; the character’s “old world” has ceased to exist.

Act 4 uses the big “kahuna” scary thing that refers us back to the Act 1 story question. Perhaps there’s now a chase against time. Or it’s the last chance to reconcile differences in a romance, or defeat the villain in a thriller. A child’s story might have the final contest against monsters. It’s hard, but the protagonist has a new skill or two to try. They will RISK something. And it’s SCARY! And readers love it.

Make lists to figure out “scary”: 

— What would scare your PROTAGONIST the most? Second? Do we learn those in your opening pages? What’s the opposite of their comfort?

— What are two scary things, in order, for your ANTAGONIST?

— In your memoir, what might YOU admit to in your opening two pages? 

In conclusion:

Don’t save “scary” for climax revelations or the resolution.

Introduce “scary” early to grab readers and for storytelling success.

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Maybe the best way to start any piece of writing…

Start any writing by telling a truth.

The dictionary says a “truth” as a noun is anything true or factual in accordance with reality. A lesson learned becomes a truth in one’s life, as one example.

This “truth factor” is what I’ve lived by in my fiction and in journalistic writing.

The “truth” works to fix any form of fiction, especially if your work isn’t selling or resonating with readers or your critique group. Or, maybe you just can’t figure out how to begin your novel or memoir. Give us a truth.

A “truth” is what your material is about in a soulful, heart-felt way. A truth can seem thematic, or not be the theme at all.

A “truth” might be a problem that is serious or worthy of a plot—disaster movies are famous for such truths.

A “truth” can be funny!

Here’s how I started Hot Fudge Frame-Up:

Everything and everyone has a purpose in life, and a place, my grandmother Sophie always said. “And everyone and everything can be good and then go bad. Lloyd Mueller is like beer fudge. Enjoy it now because it only has a shelf life of about three days.”

Readers know from that passage that my character Ava is in search of her purpose. She states it! And the search leads to plenty of trouble.

Any character bad or good can have their own “truth” they live by like a motto, but a story also has its own truth. 

Truth sets a story in motion. Usually the ending will circle back around to the truth. (What becomes of Lloyd Mueller? Of Ava? Of the beer fudge?)

In all my novels readers find a truth on page one that is plot or pursuit for the truth.

The suspense for any book is how that truth will pan out.

A character’s truth can change, of course. Beliefs can change by what they learn as the plot goes along.

What is your book/story/screenplay/poem about? Why should we care?

What does your character need and hope for?

Remember—tell the reader on page ONE. Maybe line one of the poem.

Expert Maggie Smith agrees with me.

She wrote Dear Writer, subtitled Pep Talks & Practical Advice For The Creative Life (2025).

Smith starts her books with something true about herself or the situation. She “sets the stage.”

What is true in your life? What bugs you? Write it down. Use it.

Being true to the truth can make writing simpler and more professional. Don’t waste a reader’s time, right?

Put a truth into dialogue. Who says it with the most power? An antagonist or protagonist? A secondary character? Revise some dialogue.

Questions for your group or yourself:

What is this character/poem/etc. really about in a few words?

What is the core need of the character or situation?

What is the lesson in life that might come out of this?

Do I begin with that truth in some form on the page?

Don’t fear that you’ll spoil the ending by telling us a truth on page one. Plenty will challenge that truth all along the way.

Things to try: 

  1. You might try focusing on a facet of the truth in each new chapter.
  2. Label each chapter with short observations about the truth in the story or characters, or about yourself in your memoir.

Stating a truth early—especially page one or line one of anything—can release the writer to relax and be more creative. Just follow the truth.

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Persistence = magic for plots, characters, memoirs

Persistence is something writers need, but think about your characters as well.

Often our more interesting—especially bestselling—novels and memoirs are about persistence and its role in resolving a conflict or rising to a new level of accomplishment, or learning the harder, best lesson.

Examples? If the writer Larry McMurtry and the cowboy characters in LONESOME DOVE weren’t persistent in a huge way, we may not have had the Pulitzer winner that the book became. You need persistence to survive a dusty, multi-state cattle drive.

I recently read THE ASTRAL LIBRARY by Kate Quinn, a bestseller about a young woman with everything going wrong in her life right down to a stolen bank account—until she entered a library within a library. The magical world tested her and taught her how to be persistent against adversity.

Persistence teaches or uncovers lessons. Your character should grow smarter as your manuscript moves along. Take stock:  What has your protagonist (or you in your memoir) learned after every 30 or so pages? Make a list. Do you need to revise? At least think about things?

I often mention the memoir HOW TO CATCH A MOLE by Marc Hamer. It’s a superb example of questioning persistence in your life. How long do you fight against the moles? How long do you do anything before you change?

To persist is to refuse to give up UNTIL you learn something, get better, discover the secrets.

To persist is to prevail. How do your character prevail? Does each chapter build? Or, have you accidently let your character take too long of a rest? Get them back into persisting if you want to sell and find your magic.

Why does “persistence” work so well with characterizations and plotting?

Because it flows through an entire story (if you want to win over readers).

Persistence works, too, because it questions your character:  When is it time to change? Or quit? Or get stronger and smarter? How? Get better or not? Why?

Persistence is hard for writers and your character to sustain over the course of a novel, screenplay, story, poetry collection, etc. There are rewards for your endurance—even if it takes years for that project to get out there.

At an annual writing retreat with former novel class participants, each writer has shown PERSISTENCE. I’m in awe. These writers have been together since 2012. They started with no publications. Now they have at least two novels each published (with one almost published) with a mix of major publishers and great independent publishers, with more novels and nonfiction works coming.

Do you have a character you can’t sell or get right? A manuscript not doing so well?

Lay out “persistence” on a plot grid. How does the character (or you in the memoir) embrace and show persistence through Acts 1, 2, 3?

Writers at my retreat persist in meeting yearly, staying in touch, and supporting each other throughout the year. They persist in attending conferences and online workshops. They persist in revising multiple times.

Persistence creates magic.

Persistence is that “long-haul stuff,” but worth it.

It opens doors, just as it does in THE ASTRAL LIBRARY and HOW TO CATCH A MOLE and LONESOME DOVE…and your writing project.

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Land and soil—your sure-fire way to pull in readers

Land speaks to our heart, our emotions. Soil itself crushed in hands or felt by bare feet speaks volumes to a character’s soul.

If you’re not getting traction with your novel or other project, look at your setting. It may offer you gifts.

Do you have the usual house, apartment, café, bakery, coffee shop, mountain cabin, or romantic cove?

We writers so easily construct those things but forget we exist in and on a landscape, on landforms, on soil that has history and a sense of magic with it.

Author and college instructor James W. Hall and his students analyzed bestselling books. Many centered around “land”:

  • Capturing land and lost Eden.
  • Fresh beginnings in virginal wilderness.
  • Struggling to return to the land.
  • A contaminated land.

We humans care deeply about land and soil, even specific types of soil and landforms. But do your character care? What is that relationship? Readers care.

Recall the importance of land in Gone With the Wind, and Pulitzer winner Lonesome Dove—about the last great cattle drive. More recently James and Demon Copperhead showed characters wrestling with difficult relationships with land they worked on or wanted to run from.

There are several popular mystery/suspense series that feature tracking dogs and rangers at national parks. They explore mysterious and interesting landforms. They give us facts about soil, the history of mountains, the plants and animals living there and such. Readers love learning, but this goes beyond that. We feel something special about the mountain itself, the soil itself. Wise writers bring that into the equation to please readers (including agents, editors, publishers, reviewers).

Land can have barriers—a river your character needs to cross and can’t but thought was beautiful just yesterday. Do a “setup” for that “payoff.”

Land and soil can provide a big moment in your plot paradigm/diagram. Consider the Midpoint Crisis literal landmark in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, by William Goldman. Outlaws climb a mountain, struggling against loose soil and rocks, barely ahead of the posse. Robert Redford and Paul Newman arrive at a cliff—high above a river. Their choice:  surrender or chance jumping several hundred feet into the river, which will probably kill them.

Characters working land are considered noble. We love a farmer trying their best. Stories of the Dust Bowl or disasters with land break our heart. If you have a character beta readers or agents aren’t liking, get that character’s hands dirty.

Land and soil matter to readers because our lives depend on healthy, fruitful land. This is elemental stuff.

Around the world readers have land and soil in common. This aspect can expand your readership perhaps.

When writing about land and soil, be specific. What kind is it? Name? Texture? Landforms came about how? Different soils have names.

Soil and terrain resonate with readers. Wine and cheese from different world regions or the next county taste differently because of “terroir” or “gout de terroir,” a French term for the taste of the soil.

In memoirs, read Marc Hamer’s bestseller How to Catch a Mole and subsequent memoirs about tending a rich woman’s garden called Spring Rain and Seed to Dust. Working in soil became a metaphor for the man’s ups and downs in life.

Sometimes a novel can be just about the suspense of a landform. Consider the volcano in the famous Robert Harris novel, Pompeii. The geologist—who knew the “personality” of the soil and landform—couldn’t convince others of what was unfolding.

Popular nonfiction journalism books tackle “land” a lot, such as Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer.

Classic, older regional books have loyal readership, too, and will give you ideas, such as The Land Remembers by Ben Logan.

Soil reacts to how we treat it; experts consider soil “alive.” Soil is truly a “character.”

Did you know every U.S. state and territory has an “official soil”? Lists and info about soil anywhere in the world are online.

So, instead of your cop meeting somebody at the clichéd coffee shop, what if they meet in the city park where the cop volunteers to weed flowers with children, get their hand dirty? What do they name their soil? Find in the soil?

What do YOU love about land and soil? Use that to enhance plot, characters, setting, and your unique voice.

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Attach “attachments” to attract readers

Attachment (dictionary meaning):  anything added or attached; affectionate regard or devotion.

In storytelling an “attachment” means things you add to a character to make them not only distinct but to possibly take away and thus challenge them.

An attachment is part of the plotting exercise, and can also be used in the sales wording for the novel’s back cover or inside jacket.

The attachment—when messed with—is also a handy tool to force change in a character and the trajectory of the story.

Attachments can entertain effectively. They draw in readers.

Example of attachments:  In the classic movie The Wizard of Oz the girl Dorothy has an aunt as her advisor/protector (attachment) who is lost when Dorothy is whisked up in the tornado. After she’s in Oz, Dorothy gains three helpful friends (attachments) but almost loses them, and later the Wicked Witch wants to take Dorothy’s dog (attachment from the start) and the new mysterious, magical ruby shoes (attached at a significant plot point). Dorothy is forced to change and grow when those attachments are threatened. We feel for her emotionally.

Attachments help us care about a character, even laugh, as in the dogs, cats, and other pets attached to protagonists in mystery novels and more. Those attachments show up on the cover on purpose—they draw readers.

A bland character might have few or no attachments, but can be improved when you add or change the attachments.

Attachments are planned and planted by wise authors.

A plot may sprout from characters with attachments. A plot may also be improved by revising with a new attachment.

Introduce a supportive best friend early, for example, who leaves before or at the Midpoint Crisis so we can see the protagonist shine on their own. The attachment was necessary in order for readers to witness your character suddenly cope without a buddy. We empathize with the loss of a friend or “going it alone.”

Effective stories strip away or mess with a character’s attachment(s) in order to make the character DESPERATE enough to make decisions, take ACTION, and GROW.

If a character or plot is too shallow or “thin,” add an attachment early on, revise, and see where it takes you.

If critique buddies aren’t connecting with your manuscript, experiment with an attachment or two.

If the publishing and producing worlds aren’t connecting with your character, think about how attachments can bring in needed layering—and fun for the audience. Superman got a dog, after all, in a recent movie.

Attachments are superb when they have “weight.”

Example:  Saying a character lives in a two-story house doesn’t have weight. You can’t sell that. Yawn for page one of your novel. Instead, what if your character reveals they saved for years to buy a historic house built by a famous mobster or poet? And they’ve lovingly restored it to its former beauty. Now the house has “weight” for readers. Losing that attachment would mean something to the character and readers.

How would you sell that scenario to an interviewer? Just give us the attachment info:  “After lovingly restoring a former mobster’s house for years, Fred discovers…(you fill in the blank).”

Dorothy in Oz had 1) a dog, 2) ruby shoes literally attached, and 3) various friends/mentors who helped her journey. We rooted for those attachments.

What are one to three significant things your character might be attached to that you can use to improve characterization and plot?

Attachments help you create a character that grows and a plot that wins readers.

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