Posts Tagged With: writing-tips

Messiness—important plot & character tool

At a recent library presentation I showed attendees my very messy notebook page (8.5×11 inches) scribbled with the beginnings of a new novel plot. The entire novel was on that messy page.

I had scrawled a line across the 11 inches and added marks to represent the must-haves in structure:  three acts and Midpoint Crisis. White space on that notebook page contained scribbles of characters and names, relationships to the suspect, a possible motive, places for bad deeds, and notes about possible serious actions.

That messiness is familiar to most writers.

Now transfer “being messy” to your key characters. Characters who get themselves into a mess and then get out of it are the stuff of great stories.

As soon as we see a messy situation on a page or in a movie, we’re hooked. How will the character get out of the MESS?

Messiness gets you out of a rut with a dull character or plot or chapter.

Messes lure us. Messes mean multiple issues or problems happen at once or are compounded.

It takes work to create character and plot messiness and resolve messes, but we live messy lives and we love witnessing how characters get out of messes.

The best writers in all genres create a character in the middle of a mess of some sort from the start and add to it certainly at the Midpoint Crisis and Climax.

A story might start without a mess, but readers seem to want to see a mess unfold within only a few paragraphs or pages. Give us a mess as the hook, then even more of a mess for your cliffhanger.

Here’s an example of revising for messiness:

Consider the classic scene:  A driver with an urgent need to get to a hospital to see a buddy has to suddenly stop for cows or sheep crossing a road. You could have your character wait (maybe even impatiently) and your character gets around the sheep and zooms onward to the hospital to visit their friend.

Boring. Seen it before.

What if you revised for messiness? Give readers more entertainment that will sell your book or script.

A mess is more than just pausing for sheep. Messiness is created by a series of problems and decisions that often go wrong quickly.

As an example of a revision, the scene is now a sequence of scenes:  Your character stops for the sheep, but this time is more impatient so your character decides to turn around and take a different road, BUT that delivers him to an encampment with people who steal his car and take his shoes and phone. THEN, he decides to walk a certain direction and that’s a mistake and he becomes filthy, and then he hitches a ride with a minister who is late for a funeral so NOW your character has to ride along before getting shoes from the church donation box and FINALLY your character in a hurry begs for a ride in the now-empty hearse and gets an interesting driver in the bargain to give him a ride to the hospital.

Messiness gives us a glimpse of how DETERMINED your character and YOU can be.

Messiness is usually more ENTERTAINING and SELLABLE than the opposite of it.

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Personality fixes everything

That’s a good notion. With multiple interpretations of course.

Writers who are introverts may already be running away from this post. Wait!

This post is not about us as people, but about how to IMPROVE our WRITING in general to impress readers.

How do you inject personality without going too far?

I recently attended an in-person conference where not only the agent panel talked about “looking for personality” in your query and writing, but panels of authors, contest judges, poets, and others boiled things down to “personality.”

Personality sells. It’s a tool to improve your writing project, even making it seem easier or more satisfying for you.

Even social media are important. Agents said they look at social media to see if you are “lifting up people” with your messaging versus otherwise.

Let’s stick with personality in the writing project in this post.

We know we shouldn’t be dull. Let’s get more helpful for techniques you can apply right now.

The dictionary gives small clues. “Personality” means the PATTERNS and the QUALITY of the behavior as expressed by physical and mental activities and attitudes. Right there you have a handy list of several things to use to develop a new character or to massage a character that isn’t yet capturing reader attention.

The conference “horror workshop” gave another clue for building better personality in all types of stories. Horror relies on EMPATHY for the character. That’s true of any type of story, whether romance, thrillers, general fiction or even memoirs. How soon do we learn three important things about your character that will draw us into the story? I advise writers strive to have those three things on page one or somehow hinted there.

At this conference keynoter Christina Clancy said she works on “personality” in her prose in other ways.

“You always remember the vibe of a book even if you forget the story.”

Wow. VIBE. What is the vibe your pages are giving off to readers?

Again—what is the personality?

Clancy also mentioned a practical technique: When you get stuck on page 72, go back and think about why you wanted to write the story.

Her advice holds true for poems or anything—remember why you started your project in the first place. Re-capture your vibe—the PERSONALITY you so loved in the beginning.

In the picture book workshop, the same sentiment came out this way:  “Lean into your weird.”

Figure out what makes your project WEIRD in the sense that it’s truly YOU. Is it the character? Structure? Voice? Word choice? Emotion? Action? Objects? Your weird makes you unique and worthy to readers.

Our own personality drives our writing. “Remember in the middle you are OPTIMISTIC,” Clancy said. “Editing is an act of optimism.”

A conference poetry session gave us this exercise, and it’s a good one for a writer OR YOUR CHARACTER to complete.

“I knew I was ____________________when __________________.”

My character knew X when…?

I knew I was a writer when…

…When I was inspired to add more PERSONALITY to my writing.

(The conference referred to is an annual autumn one sponsored by Wisconsin Writers Association.)

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Attach “attachments” to attract readers

Attachment (dictionary meaning):  anything added or attached; affectionate regard or devotion.

In storytelling an “attachment” means things you add to a character to make them not only distinct but to possibly take away and thus challenge them.

An attachment is part of the plotting exercise, and can also be used in the sales wording for the novel’s back cover or inside jacket.

The attachment—when messed with—is also a handy tool to force change in a character and the trajectory of the story.

Attachments can entertain effectively. They draw in readers.

Example of attachments:  In the classic movie The Wizard of Oz the girl Dorothy has an aunt as her advisor/protector (attachment) who is lost when Dorothy is whisked up in the tornado. After she’s in Oz, Dorothy gains three helpful friends (attachments) but almost loses them, and later the Wicked Witch wants to take Dorothy’s dog (attachment from the start) and the new mysterious, magical ruby shoes (attached at a significant plot point). Dorothy is forced to change and grow when those attachments are threatened. We feel for her emotionally.

Attachments help us care about a character, even laugh, as in the dogs, cats, and other pets attached to protagonists in mystery novels and more. Those attachments show up on the cover on purpose—they draw readers.

A bland character might have few or no attachments, but can be improved when you add or change the attachments.

Attachments are planned and planted by wise authors.

A plot may sprout from characters with attachments. A plot may also be improved by revising with a new attachment.

Introduce a supportive best friend early, for example, who leaves before or at the Midpoint Crisis so we can see the protagonist shine on their own. The attachment was necessary in order for readers to witness your character suddenly cope without a buddy. We empathize with the loss of a friend or “going it alone.”

Effective stories strip away or mess with a character’s attachment(s) in order to make the character DESPERATE enough to make decisions, take ACTION, and GROW.

If a character or plot is too shallow or “thin,” add an attachment early on, revise, and see where it takes you.

If critique buddies aren’t connecting with your manuscript, experiment with an attachment or two.

If the publishing and producing worlds aren’t connecting with your character, think about how attachments can bring in needed layering—and fun for the audience. Superman got a dog, after all, in a recent movie.

Attachments are superb when they have “weight.”

Example:  Saying a character lives in a two-story house doesn’t have weight. You can’t sell that. Yawn for page one of your novel. Instead, what if your character reveals they saved for years to buy a historic house built by a famous mobster or poet? And they’ve lovingly restored it to its former beauty. Now the house has “weight” for readers. Losing that attachment would mean something to the character and readers.

How would you sell that scenario to an interviewer? Just give us the attachment info:  “After lovingly restoring a former mobster’s house for years, Fred discovers…(you fill in the blank).”

Dorothy in Oz had 1) a dog, 2) ruby shoes literally attached, and 3) various friends/mentors who helped her journey. We rooted for those attachments.

What are one to three significant things your character might be attached to that you can use to improve characterization and plot?

Attachments help you create a character that grows and a plot that wins readers.

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Quick Fix:  Find a character’s “strength anchors”

Effective characters deal in inner and outer strengths; the strengths ANCHOR a character’s abilities, actions, reactions, and emotional growth.

At least 5 types of strengths are in our toolbox:  Emotional (love, sympathy, etc.), Intellectual (ability to reason, learned qualities), Spiritual (connection to soul or inner refinement/pursuit), Physical (muscles, etc.), and Practical (habits or skills developed for repetitive chores or safety, etc.).

Strength Anchors

We writers spend a lot of time figuring out a character’s “Fatal Flaw” and what’s behind it but a good strength (or more) is needed to overcome the Fatal Flaw.

What I call “STRENGTH ANCHORS” create characters we want to follow.

An anchor is not a quick cliché, but a cliché can be turned into a good anchor if the writer explores it within the story.

Also, characters are not just one strength and one weakness (though one Fatal Flaw is enough for any story).

Think about the array of strengths your character might possess, and which one is needed most and when. Which one must ascend from being a minor strength to become a major one? Perhaps that one should be hinted at in the opening pages. Rudolph the reindeer, for example, showed us his shining beacon of a nose in the opening of the classic annual Christmas TV movie, but he was told it was a weakness and hid it. Then, in the end it finally became a major strength.

On page one readers have to relate somehow to your character. We often try to present trouble and show the “weakness” starting out. An alternative is to show a strength that matters to your plot later. Maybe it’s a strength that only we witness at first. Oh how fun it is for readers to share a secret with your character! That’s a hook.

What is your character’s method or power to RESIST strain, stress, and stupid stuff? That resistance is pretty much the dictionary definition of “strength.”

Donald Maass in Writing the Breakout Novel notes strengths create COMPELLING characters. “The characters will not engross readers unless they are out of the ordinary.”

In Story Fix, Larry Brooks suggests writing a better “ticking clock” to test your character. Panicked characters often reveal unusual or interesting strengths.

In The Plot Thickens, Noah Lukeman notes a writer should create STRONG CIRCUMSTANCES for a character to react to. Good examples are usually found in award-winning books.

Here’s a trick:  Create a stronger character using what I call “STACKING” of strengths. If we say things commonly occur in “threes,” try it for strengths to round out a character. “Stacking” makes characters surprising and interesting. No character has just one strength anchoring them.

Consider 12 ways to create “strength anchors” that matter:

– What did they learn from a past action?

– Pride fueled by a good memory of an event or accomplishment?

– Admiration for somebody and how they act?

– A meaningful symbol (the flag etc.)?

– A skill they have or decide to acquire? What motivates that?

– Do they experience an unexpected result after an action taken?

– Does another character leave a legacy your character wants to follow?

– What about an animal adding dimension?

– Perhaps they draw a special strength from nature? The land? Space?

– Strength from history and knowledge? A feeling of owing the past?

– Does a religion or belief system bring strength?

– What about a strength from the character’s younger years? Was that strength forgotten until now? Why?

Readers talk about strong characters. Get them talking about yours.

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Passion (by any definition) wins over gatekeepers & readers

Literary agents, editors, producers, and readers look for “passion” in writing.

Agents rejecting a submission often say, “I just wasn’t passionate enough about your material.”

Solution? Take “passion” seriously. It means having a deep respect for something or someone, and also writing and storytelling.

Passion is evident from page one onward in bestsellers such as The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, or James by Percival Everett, or in nonfiction such as Braiding Sweetgrass, by Robin Wall Kimmerer.

Many authors in your favorite genre write with true passion. What sets them apart? Vigor!

“Vigor” occurs by working on one more draft, whether it’s Draft 2 or 10. Vigor in verb choices, better action, and more meaningful dialogue and characterizations win over readers and agents every time.

Vigor means the author is vigorous in weeding out mistakes. No matter how skilled you are, it’s wise to hire a line editor before sending material into the world and especially before publishing it yourself.

Sloppiness cancels out vigor and passion.

The dictionary notes passion can be an “extravagant or strong fondness or enthusiasm for anything.”

How and why might we be enthused about your characters on page one? What’s fresh? And authentic? If your opener is ordinary or derivative of other books, change it and find your voice. Be you. Dredge into your own experiences, your childhood, your schooling or travels, or go exploring now and enjoy research.

Passion has its own type of special effects. A character’s personality must come through instantly.

Passion shows a character’s conviction about something but this is NOT about preaching, which can kill a manuscript.

We like characters that believe strongly in something or someone, even if they are wrong at first. Passion—however misguided—makes them interesting and sets up a mystery or at least a big quandary.

For an easy page-one rewrite, answer this:  What is it YOU (in memoir) or CHARACTER (in a novel) believe in strongly? Don’t save truths for the big middle blowup or the end. Passion makes us pay attention. Be evocative or provocative. Surprise us. (For examples read the opening pages of the books I mentioned.)

Another passion exercise:  Add a talent or expand your character’s talent.

Readers are interested in skills and talents or the lack thereof because we relate. The more relatable, the easier your sale. Let’s say your character never played guitar in your first draft. You never played guitar. Do a little research. Now have your character grousing on page one about their guitar lesson. How would that change things? A reader or agent will pay attention to your fresh, honest stuff.

It’s always fun in early pages to mess with a simple passion. Push it. Write outside your usual “box” or “lane.” Does your character love plants to excess? Have a neighbor’s dog break in and ruin them all, preferably within the first three pages. The literary agent will likely continue reading.

Can a passion turn into an obsession for a character? Yes. A positive can turn into a negative, depending on type of character and conditions. In general, “passion” is positive while obsession is more negative. But a character can be passionate about one thing and obsessed by another and still be loved, funny, strong or whatever you make them. Try the combo!

If writing with “passion” feels awkward, try starting with “enthusiasm.” Enthusiastic characters are more willing to act and speak with passion.

Passion will elevate your writing in an instant. Get passionate.

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